Electrolytes

Hypophosphataemia

The UK Medicines Information group have provided excellent guidance on how to replace phosphate.

Nutrition

Nutrition is an important aspect of a patient’s health and is overlooked during medical school as you are learning exciting

Hypocalcaemia

Acute hypocalcaemia that is severe (<1.9 mmol/L) or symptomatic can be life-threatening and necessitates urgent treatment. It is often initially

Refeeding Syndrome

Defined as a collection of electrolyte abnormalities associated with a massive intracellular shift of electrolytes. Associated with aggressive nutritional rehabilitation

Hypomagnesaemia

The UK Medicines Information group have provided excellent guidance on how to replace magnesium.

Hypernatraemia

Hypernatraemia is defined as a sodium above 145 mmol/L with severe being more than 150 mmol/L.

Hypercalcaemia

Serum calcium concentration is tightly regulated between 2.1-2.6mmol/L. Severe hypercalcaemia is a life-threatening electrolyte emergency requiring prompt recognition and urgent

Hypokalaemia

As an FY1 you will frequently see hypokalaemia and most trusts have guidelines that should be used in the first

Hyperkalaemia

Hyperkalaemia can cause life-threatening emergencies particularly cardiac arrhythmias. A widely used definition is extracellular [K+] ion concentration ≥ 5.5 mmol/L.

Hyponatraemia

Hyponatraemia (serum Sodium <135 mmol/L) is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities you will see and so a systematic

Fluid Balance

Almost every patient admitted to hospital receives IV fluids at some point in their journey. However, the body manages this,